Chromoblastomycosis

Abstract

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycotic infection caused by pigmented or dematiaceous saprophytic moulds ubiquitous in the environment. The most common etiologic agents are Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii, both of which can be isolated from plant debris. The infection usually follows traumatic inoculation through penetrating thorn or splinter wounds. The fungal agents develop as small clusters of cells known as muriform bodies. Several months after the injury, painless papules or nodules appear in the affected area progressing to scaly and verrucose plaques. Direct examinations of skin scrapings or histopathologic study demonstrates the typical muriform bodies. Microbiologic culture is necessary for the correct determination of the etiologic agent. Itraconazole is the treatment of choice, often in combination with surgery. Even so, results are often unsatisfactory as patients present late to medical services because of lack of funds and the fact that the disease usually affects the main family earner.