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. 2007 Jan;13(1):144-6.
doi: 10.3201/eid1301.060800.

Gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GGII.4, The Netherlands, 1994-2005

J Joukje Siebenga  1 , Harry Vennema, Erwin Duizer, Marion P G Koopmans
Affiliations

Gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GGII.4, The Netherlands, 1994-2005

J Joukje Siebenga et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jan.

Abstract

From 1994 through 2005, gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus generally increased in the Netherlands, with 3 epidemic seasons associated with new GGII.4 strains. Increased percentages of GGII.4 strains during these epidemics, followed by a sharp decrease in their absolute and relative numbers, suggest development of immunity.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
A) Number of norovirus outbreaks reported per month in the Netherlands, 1994–2005. B) Total no. of outbreaks per season and fraction of GGII.4 outbreaks reported in the Netherlands. Total no. is indicated by the solid line, no. of GGII.4 outbreaks by the dotted line (values on left y-axis), bars indicate percentage of GGII.4 outbreaks of the total no. (values on right y-axis), and arrows indicate epidemic seasons. Seasons run from July through June. C) Total no. of genotypes (Gts) circulating per season. Shading of the bar indicates the percentage of GGII.4, ranging from white (0%–20%), in steps of 20%, to black (80%–100%).
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