Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a frequent cause of physical impairment in the elderly. The disease has a slow, progressive course that ends with joint failure and subsequent disability. The hands and the large weight-bearing joints are most commonly affected. The cause of osteoarthritis is unknown. The strongest risk factor is age, but age alone does not cause the disease. Clinically, osteoarthritis is manifested by joint pain and stiffness. Radiographs reveal joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, osteophytes and, later, subchondral cysts and intra-articular osseous bodies. Biochemically, the cartilage in osteoarthritis differs from normal cartilage in elderly patients. The goals of treatment are to control pain, maintain function through strengthening and range-of-motion exercises, protect the joint and limit iatrogenic injury by selecting treatment options that minimize complications. Even when cure is not possible, appropriate medical care can improve the patient's functioning and well-being.