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. 2008 Feb;136(2):273-8.
doi: 10.1017/S0950268807008345. Epub 2007 Mar 30.

Host-shaped segregation of the Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotype repertoire

A Grinberg  1 , N Lopez-Villalobos, W Pomroy, G Widmer, H Smith, A Tait
Affiliations

Host-shaped segregation of the Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotype repertoire

A Grinberg et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Feb.

Abstract

Cattle are among the major reservoirs of Cryptosporidium parvum in nature. However, the relative contribution of C. parvum oocysts originating from cattle to human disease burden is difficult to assess, as various transmission pathways -- including the human to human route -- can co-occur. In this study, multilocus genotype richness of representative samples of human and bovine C. parvum are compared statistically using analytical rarefaction and non-parametric taxonomic richness estimators. Results suggest that in the time and space frames underlying the analysed data, humans were infected with significantly wider spectra of C. parvum genotypes than cattle, and consequently, a significant fraction of human infections may not have originated from the regional bovine reservoirs. This study provides statistical support to the emerging idea of the existence of distinct anthroponotic C. parvum cycles that do not involve cattle.

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Figures

Fig
Fig
Rarefaction curves, by comparison. Sample sizes (starting from 1) are on horizontal axes and estimated richness on vertical axes. HB, human vs. bovine C. parvum; HBA, human vs. bovine C. parvum in Aberdeenshire; HBD, human vs. bovine C. parvum in Dumfriesshire; BB, bovine Aberdeenshire C. parvum vs. bovine Dumfriesshire C. parvum; AD, C. parvum from Aberdeenshire vs. C. parvum from Dumfriesshire; HH, human Aberdeenshire C. parvum vs. human Dumfriesshire C. parvum. Subsample sizes within each comparison are defined in Table 1. The long curves in each comparison represent either human or Aberdeenshire subsamples. The calculated rarefied richness is reported close to the lower 95% confidence interval bars. Rarefaction curves in comparison HH largely overlap, so no error bar is provided.
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