Immunotherapy with honeybee venom and yellow jacket venom is different regarding efficacy and safety

Abstract

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) for Hymenoptera allergy is accepted as safe and effective. However, widely varying success rates and frequencies of side effects are reported. Differences between various Hymenoptera species could account for these diverging results. We therefore analyzed 205 patients with a history of systemic allergic reactions to either honeybee (148 patients) or yellow jacket stings (57 patients) during VIT. All patients had a positive skin test to the respective venom before VIT, were monitored for side effects of VIT, and submitted to a sting challenge while they were receiving VIT. Patients with honeybee-venom allergy had a higher sensitivity in both skin tests (p less than 0.05) and RAST (p less than 0.001) than patients with yellow jacket-venom allergy. They developed systemic side effects to VIT injections significantly more often (41% versus 25%; p less than 0.01) and also reacted more frequently to the sting challenge (23% versus 9%; p less than 0.01) than patients with yellow jacket-venom allergy. We conclude that results obtained from studies on the allergy to one Hymenoptera venom cannot be extrapolated to allergies to other Hymenoptera venoms.