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Multicenter Study
. 2007 Jun;99(6):1415-20.
doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06772.x. Epub 2007 Apr 8.

18F-choline and/or 11C-acetate positron emission tomography: detection of residual or progressive subclinical disease at very low prostate-specific antigen values (<1 ng/mL) after radical prostatectomy

Hansjörg Vees  1 , Franz Buchegger, Susanne Albrecht, Haleem Khan, Daniela Husarik, Habib Zaidi, Dmitri Soloviev, Thomas F Hany, Raymond Miralbell
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

18F-choline and/or 11C-acetate positron emission tomography: detection of residual or progressive subclinical disease at very low prostate-specific antigen values (<1 ng/mL) after radical prostatectomy

Hansjörg Vees et al. BJU Int. 2007 Jun.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the value of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with either (18)F-choline and/or (11)C-acetate, of residual or recurrent tumour after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of <1 ng/mL and referred for adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy.

Patients and methods: In all, 22 PET/CT studies were performed, 11 with (18)F-choline (group A) and 11 with (11)C-acetate (group B), in 20 consecutive patients (two undergoing PET/CT scans with both tracers). The median (range) PSA level before PET/CT was 0.33 (0.08-0.76) ng/mL. Endorectal-coil magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in 18 patients. Nineteen patients were eligible for evaluation of biochemical response after salvage radiotherapy.

Results: There was abnormal local tracer uptake in five and six patients in group A and B, respectively. Except for a single positive obturator lymph node, there was no other site of metastasis. In the two patients evaluated with both tracers there was no pathological uptake. Endorectal MRI was locally positive in 15 of 18 patients; 12 of 19 responded with a marked decrease in PSA level (half or more from baseline) 6 months after salvage radiotherapy.

Conclusions: Although (18)F-choline and (11)C-acetate PET/CT studies succeeded in detecting local residual or recurrent disease in about half the patients with PSA levels of <1 ng/mL after RP, these studies cannot yet be recommended as a standard diagnostic tool for early relapse or suspicion of subclinical minimally persistent disease after surgery. Endorectal MRI might be more helpful, especially in patients with a low likelihood of distant metastases. Nevertheless, further research with (18)F-choline and/or (11)C-acetate PET with optimal spatial resolution might be needed for patients with a high risk of distant relapse after RP even at low PSA values.

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