Individual variation in neural correlates of sadness in children: a twin fMRI study

Abstract

Functional neuroimaging studies show substantial individual variation in brain activation accompanying the experience of emotion, including sadness. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 104 pairs of 8-year-old twins (47 MZ, 57 DZ) to assess genetic-environmental contributions to individual differences in neural activation in two prefrontal cortex (PFC) areas previously shown to be involved in sadness. No genetic effects were found for any area, individual environmental factors entirely accounting for individual variation in brain activation related to sadness. Sadness being the prevailing mood in depression, these findings may be of relevance to the etiology of childhood depressive disorders.

Figure 1

Anatomical sections showing coronal (a), sagittal (b), and axial (c) views of the VLPFC (BA 47) (in orange, on the right) and the MPFC (BA 10) (in green, on the left). Talairach coordinates are x = 36/−36, y = 20, z = −11 for the VLPFC and x = 5/−5, y = 61, z = 10 for the MPFC. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]