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. 2007 Apr 18;2007(2):CD004059.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004059.pub3.

Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain

S Dagenais  1 , M J Yelland, C Del Mar, M L Schoene
Affiliations

Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain

S Dagenais et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of prolotherapy in adults with chronic low-back pain.

Search strategy: We searched CENTRAL 2006, Issue 3 and MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and AMED from their respective beginnings to October 2006, with no restrictions on language, and consulted content experts.

Selection criteria: We included randomised (RCT) and quasi-randomised controlled trials (QRCT) that compared prolotherapy injections to control injections, alone or in combination with other treatments, which measured pain or disability before and after the intervention.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected the trials and assessed methodological quality. Intervention protocols varied from study to study, making meta-analysis impossible.

Main results: We identified five high quality studies with a total of 366 participants. All measured pain or disability levels at six months, and four measured the proportion of participants reporting a greater than 50% reduction in pain or disability scores. Three randomized controlled trials (206 participants) found that prolotherapy injections alone are no more effective than control injection for chronic low-back pain and disability. At six months, there was no difference between groups in mean pain or disability scores (2 RCTs; 184 participants) and no difference in proportions who reported over 50% improvement in pain or disability (3 RCTs; 206 participants). These trials could not be pooled due to clinical heterogeneity. Two RCTs (160 participants) found that prolotherapy injections, given with spinal manipulation, exercise, and other therapies, are more effective than control injections for chronic low-back pain and disability. At six months, one study reported a significant difference between groups in mean pain and disability scores, whereas the other study did not. Both studies reported a significant difference in the proportion of individuals who reported over 50% reduction in disability or pain. Co-interventions confounded interpretation of results and clinical heterogeneity in the trials prevented pooling.

Authors' conclusions: There is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of prolotherapy injections for patients with chronic low-back pain. When used alone, prolotherapy is not an effective treatment for chronic low-back pain. When combined with spinal manipulation, exercise, and other co-interventions, prolotherapy may improve chronic low-back pain and disability. Conclusions are confounded by clinical heterogeneity amongst studies and by the presence of co-interventions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The lead author (SD) is a consultant to a nonprofit research organization involved in prolotherapy research. A co‐author (MJY) was an author of one of the studies included in this review. He was not involved in the assessment of his trial for this review. Another author (MS) is a consumer representative for the Back Review Group.

Figures

1
1
Summary of risks of bias
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Prolotherapy vs control ‐ Between group differences in proportions, Outcome 1 >50% improvement from baseline.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Prolotherapy vs control ‐ Between group differences in means, Outcome 1 pain or disability at 6 months.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Prolotherapy+SMT+exercise+other vs control ‐ Between group differences in proportions, Outcome 1 >50% improvement from baseline.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Prolotherapy+SMT+exercise+other vs control ‐ Between group differences in means, Outcome 1 pain or disability at 6 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Dechow 1999 {published data only}
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References to other published versions of this review

Yelland 2004B
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