Modified and new approaches for pelvic and acetabular surgery

Abstract

We analysed outcomes of new operative techniques for open reduction and internal fixation in 120 consecutive patients with fractures of the pelvic ring and 164 patients with acetabular fractures treated between 1989 and 1999. An anterior extraperitoneal approach was performed through a low midline incision to fix the anterior and lateral parts of the pelvis and for central involvement of different types of acetabular fractures. The anterior approach was combined with a lateral incision on the lateral crest for fractures of the iliac wing and with a posterior approach for sacroiliac injuries, or with Kocher-Langenbeck approach for posterior acetabular involvements. The complication rate of the new techniques was low. Heterotopic ossification was rare. The functional recovery was good in 66 of the 81 patients with an unstable C-type pelvic injury, in 18 out of the 20 patients with a lateral compression, B-2-type injury and 13 out of 19 patients with a open book, B-1-injury. Neurological recovery was observed after adequate reduction in those patients suffering from lesions of the sacral plexus. The radiographic result was good in 73, 20 and 17 of the patients groups, respectively. The Harris Hip Score was more than 80 in 75% of the 164 patients with an acetabular fracture. The radiological result was good (residual displacement 0-2mm) in 84%, fair (3-5mm) in 9% and poor (more than 5mm) in 7%. The new methods are less invasive than the basic approaches described in the literature. The whole pelvic ring, as well as all the acetabular fracture combinations may be treated with the combination of approaches used in the present study.