Perinatal testicular torsion: a unique strategy

Abstract

Background/purpose: Perinatal testicular torsion (PTT) is defined as testicular torsion occurring prenatally or within the first 30 days of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data obtained from patients with PTT and propose principles of management based on clinical, surgical, and histologic findings.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 27 boys seen between 1990 and 2005 with surgically documented PTT was conducted. Patients were divided into 2 groups: A, prenatal testicular torsion; B, postnatal testicular torsion. The presence of acute scrotal inflammatory signs defined the urgency to operate.

Results: There were 4 clinical pictures in group A: A1, patients with a nubbin testis (n = 3); A2, patients with a small and hard testis (n = 12); A3, patients with a normal-sized and hard testis (n = 8); and A4, patients with an acute scrotum (n = 2). Group B (n = 2) presented no sign after birth and later developed an acute scrotum. Surgical exploration and histologic examination showed clear signs of a long-standing testicular torsion in groups A1, A2, and A3 or a recent-onset testicular torsion in groups A4 and B. Only one testis could be salvaged (group B).

Conclusions: Clinical signs correlated very well with surgical and histologic findings and can define the need and the urgency to operate. Although testicular salvage rate is very low, the affected side always should be explored to confirm the diagnosis and to fix or remove the affected testicle. The contralateral scrotum also should be explored because of the risk of asynchronous contralateral testicular torsion.