Maternal mortality in a rural referral hospital in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract

Almost two decades after the safe motherhood initiative, maternal mortality figures remain very high in Nigeria. Very few studies are available on the features of maternal mortality in rural Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and causes of maternal mortality in a rural referral hospital in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. An audit of 115 consecutive maternal mortalities over a 10-year period at a rural-based tertiary hospital was undertaken. There were 5,153 deliveries and 115 maternal deaths during the study period, with a maternal mortality ratio of 2,232/100,000 live births. The most common causes of maternal mortalities were puerperal sepsis, abortion complications, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, prolonged obstructed labour, haemorrhage accounting for 33%, 22.6%, 17.4%, 13.0% and 7.8%, respectively. The percentage mortality for unbooked was 10 times that for booked patients. Unbooked status is a risk factor for maternal mortality as this was statistically significant p < 0.0001. Traditional birth attendants were involved in the initial management of at least two-fifths (38.2%) of the non-abortion mortalities while half had been managed in private hospitals and maternities. Maternal mortality will continue to increase unless appropriate steps are taken to improve the use of antenatal care, thereby reducing unbooked emergencies. Hospitals need to be equipped with facilities for emergency obstetric care. Continuous programmes that will integrate TBAs and orthodox practices should be put in place as this will reduce delays and improve referral systems.