Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- PMID: 17470954
- DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389
Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Aims: To estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.
Method: An ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18-44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability.
Results: Estimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2-7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders.
Conclusions: Adult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.
Comment in
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Substance misuse disguised as ADHD?Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;191:457; author reply 457-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.191.5.457. Br J Psychiatry. 2007. PMID: 17978334 No abstract available.
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An estimated 3.4% of adults have adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Evid Based Ment Health. 2008 Feb;11(1):31. doi: 10.1136/ebmh.11.1.31. Evid Based Ment Health. 2008. PMID: 18223066 No abstract available.
