Dual radionuclide study of myocardial infarction. Relationships between myocardial uptake of potassium-43, technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate, regional myocardial blood flow and creatine phosphokinase depletion

Abstract

The dual radionuclide myocardial distributions of imaging agents potassium-43 (43K) and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) were studied in a 24-hour closed chest canine infarct preparation. In multiple myocardial biopsies in 20 dogs, tissue levels of both radionuclides were compared to either an index of tissue viability (myocardial creatine phosphokinase [CPK] depletion), or to estimates of regional myocardial blood flow as measured by the microsphere technique. Myocardial 43K uptake in the ischemic and infarcted zone correlated well with both CPK depletion (r = 0.73) and microsphere estimates of relative blood flow. The correlation with microspheres was excellent in the transmural sample (r = 0.93) as well as endocardial (r = 0.97) and epicardial (r = 0.86) portions. On the other hand, 99mTc-PYP myocardial uptake did not correlate with the extent of CPK depletion. Maximal uptake was frequently noted in border zones with only moderate CPK depletion, while lesser degrees of 99mTc-PYP uptake were noted in the central infarct zone where CPK activity was lowest. The relationship of 99mTc-PYP uptake to microsphere regional flow estimates demonstrated that 99mTc-PYP uptake was maximal at flows of 0.3 to 0.4 of normal. At lower flows, 99mTc-PYP uptake fell toward normal levels. A similar relationship was noted between the distributions of 99mTc-PYP and 43K. In relatively high flow border segments (larger than or equal to 0.80 of normal), abnormal 99mTc-PYP uptake of five to six times normal persisted. The transmural distribution of 99mTc-PYP demonstrated that in low flow regions 99mTc-PYP uptake was primarily epicardial, while in the higher flow ischemic periphery of the infarct endocardial uptake predominated. Thus, while there is a direct correlation between cationic 43K myocardial uptake and regional myocardial viability and blood flow, no such direct relationship exists for 99mTc-PYP. This is in part based on the necessity for delivery of the radioactive tracer to the infarct zone.