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Comparative Study
. 2007 Dec;32(12):2707-26.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Apr 14.

Transtheoretical principles and processes for quitting smoking: a 24-month comparison of a representative sample of quitters, relapsers, and non-quitters

Xiaowa Sun  1 , James O Prochaska, Wayne F Velicer, Robert G Laforge
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Transtheoretical principles and processes for quitting smoking: a 24-month comparison of a representative sample of quitters, relapsers, and non-quitters

Xiaowa Sun et al. Addict Behav. 2007 Dec.

Abstract

This longitudinal study compared 14 principles and processes of change applied by successful quitters, relapsers and non-quitters over 24 months in a representative sample of 4144 smokers in intervention and control groups. The successful quitters showed a decrease in the use of experiential processes (cognitive, affective and effective) and an increase in behavioral processes (e.g., counter-conditioning and stimulus control). The non-quitters showed little change in their use of almost all of the processes. The relapsers' use of the processes tended to initially parallel the successful quitters, but over time, their use ended up between the quitters and the non-quitters. In general, the relapsers ended up working harder but not smarter than the successful quitters. The pattern of use of change processes in the treatment and control groups were remarkably similar, suggesting common pathways to change.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Pros for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention (I) and control (C) groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Cons for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 3
Figure 3
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Decisional Balance (Pros-Cons) for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 4
Figure 4
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Consciousness Raising for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 5
Figure 5
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Dramatic Relief for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 6
Figure 6
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Self-Reevaluation for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers(R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 7
Figure 7
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Environmental Reevaluation for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 8
Figure 8
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Social Liberation for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 9
Figure 9
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Counter-Conditioning for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 10
Figure 10
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Stimulus Control for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 11
Figure 11
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Reinforcement Management for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 12
Figure 12
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Helping Relationship for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 13
Figure 13
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for Self-Liberation for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
Figure 14
Figure 14
Patterns of change over 24 mo. for intensity of temptation for the Stable Smokers (S), Stable Quitters (Q), and Relapsers (R) in both the intervention and control groups
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