Acute effects of cigarette smoking on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in male smokers with hypertension

Abstract

Background: Although the acute increase of arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) after cigarette smoking in healthy smokers is considered a possible mechanism of increased cardiovascular risk, the acute effect of smoking on arterial stiffness in hypertensive smokers is unknown. We investigated the acute effects of cigarette smoking on arterial stiffness and BP in hypertensive male smokers.

Methods: Heart rate (HR), brachial and ankle BP, and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were measured in 22 hypertensive male smokers (HTs) and in 30 normotensive male smokers (NTs) before and 5, 10, and 15 min after smoking one cigarette (nicotine content, 0.9 mg).

Results: Smoking induced acute increases of HR, brachial BP, and heart-femoral PWV (hfPWV) in NTs and HTs (P < .05). Ankle systolic BP and femoral-ankle PWV were acutely increased in HTs (P < .05), but not in NTs. In HTs, brachial systolic BP and hfPWV at 15 min were higher than at baseline (P < .05). An acute increase of hfPWV in the HTs was significant (P = .025) after adjustment for total cholesterol, time-dependent HR, and brachial mean arterial pressure, but acute changes of other PWVs lost statistical significance.

Conclusions: Cigarette smoking acutely increases aortic stiffness and BP in male smokers with hypertension, and the effects persist longer than in male smokers without hypertension.