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Review
. 2007 May 15;23(7):567-72.
doi: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70802-4.

Dietary sodium and cardiovascular outcomes: a rational approach

S Brian Penner  1 , Norm R C Campbell, Arun Chockalingam, Kelly Zarnke, Bruce Van Vliet
Affiliations
Review

Dietary sodium and cardiovascular outcomes: a rational approach

S Brian Penner et al. Can J Cardiol. .

Abstract
in English, French

Hypertension, the leading risk factor for mortality in the world, affects nearly one in four Canadians. There is substantive evidence that high dietary sodium contributes to hypertension. Animal studies consistently demonstrate increased blood pressure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with high dietary sodium intake. Evidence of the adverse health effects in humans associated with increased sodium intake is accumulating rapidly. Previously, limitations on sodium consumption were recommended only for those identifiable groups of people shown to be at higher risk. With the lifetime risk of developing hypertension being more than 90% in an average lifespan, the need for a population-based approach to reducing hypertension is clear. The present paper reviews the evidence of sodium and cardiovascular disease, resulting in the 2007 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendation of daily intake of less than 100 mmol of sodium in both normotensive and hypertensive adults.

L’hypertension artérielle (HTA), principal facteur de risque de mortalité dans le monde, touche presque une personne sur quatre au Canada. D’après des données solides, un apport élevé de sodium dans l’alimentation n’est pas étranger à l’apparition d’HTA. Des études expérimentales sur animal de différentes espèces montrent invariablement qu’une alimentation riche en sodium est associée à une augmentation de la pression artérielle ainsi que de la morbidité et de la mortalité d’origine cardiovasculaire. Le faisceau d’arguments sur les effets nocifs de la prise excessive de sodium chez l’homme augmente rapidement. Autrefois, les restrictions concernant la consommation de sodium se limitaient aux seuls groupes bien établis, connus pour être à risque élevé. Comme le risque d’être atteint d’hypertension au cours d’une vie normale est supérieur à 90 %, la nécessité d’élaborer une approche visant la population s’impose d’elle-même. Le présent article passe en revue les données probantes sur l’apport de sodium et les maladies cardiovasculaires, qui ont abouti aux recommandations 2007 du Programme d’éducation canadien sur l’hypertension, selon lesquelles la prise quotidienne de sodium devrait être inférieure à 100 mmol, et ce, tant chez les adultes normotendus que chez les adultes hypertendus.

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