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. 2007 Apr;13(4):611-3.
doi: 10.3201/eid1304.061356.

Genetic characterization of HPAI (H5N1) viruses from poultry and wild vultures, Burkina Faso

Mariette F Ducatez  1 , Zekiba Tarnagda, Marc C Tahita, Adama Sow, Sebastien de Landtsheer, Brandon Z Londt, Ian H Brown, D M E Osterhaus, Ron A M Fouchier, Jean-Bosco B Ouedraogo, Claude P Muller
Affiliations

Genetic characterization of HPAI (H5N1) viruses from poultry and wild vultures, Burkina Faso

Mariette F Ducatez et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Apr.

Abstract

Genetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) viruses from poultry and hooded vultures in Burkina Faso shows that these viruses belong to 1 of 3 sublineages initially found in Nigeria and later in other African countries. Hooded vultures could potentially be vectors or sentinels of influenza subtype H5N1, as are cats and swans elsewhere.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree for the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of African influenza A (H5N1) strains. The maximum likelihood method was used with 100 bootstraps and 3 jumbles (DNA-ML, Phylip version 3.6) to construct a tree for HA1 nucleotide sequences. Bootstrap values of major nodes are shown. The arrow points to the outgroup strain, A/goose/Guangdong/96. As detailed in the text, cluster C regroups highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) strains from Burkina Faso, northern Nigeria, Sudan, and Côte d'Ivoire; cluster A regroups strains from a southwestern Nigerian farm (coded BA) and Niger; and cluster B regroups strains from a southwestern Nigerian farm (coded SO) and Egypt. The scale bar represents ≈1% of nucleotide changes between close relatives.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Northern equatorial Africa. Only countries where highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) sequences from avian species are available are named. Strain similarities are indicated as follows: light gray for countries with cluster I strains, black for countries with cluster II strains, and dark gray for countries with cluster III strains.
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