N-Acetylcysteine--a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiency

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005

Review

. 2007 Aug;7(4):355-9.

doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

N-Acetylcysteine--a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiency

Kondala R Atkuri¹, John J Mantovani, Leonard A Herzenberg, Leonore A Herzenberg

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, B007 Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford University, CA 94305-5318, United States. atkuri@stanford.edu

PMID: 17602868
PMCID: PMC4540061
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005

Review

N-Acetylcysteine--a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiency

Kondala R Atkuri et al. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007 Aug.

. 2007 Aug;7(4):355-9.

doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Authors

Kondala R Atkuri¹, John J Mantovani, Leonard A Herzenberg, Leonore A Herzenberg

Affiliation

¹ Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, B007 Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford University, CA 94305-5318, United States. atkuri@stanford.edu

PMID: 17602868
PMCID: PMC4540061
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) deficiency is associated with numerous pathological conditions. Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug, replenishes intracellular GSH levels. NAC, best known for its ability to counter acetaminophen toxicity, is a safe, well-tolerated antidote for cysteine/GSH deficiency. NAC has been used successfully to treat GSH deficiency in a wide range of infections, genetic defects and metabolic disorders, including HIV infection and COPD. Over two-thirds of 46 placebo-controlled clinical trials with orally administered NAC have indicated beneficial effects of NAC measured either as trial endpoints or as general measures of improvement in quality of life and well-being of the patients.

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References

1. Schafer FQ, Buettner GR. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;30:1191–1212. - PubMed
1. Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 1996;16:33–50. - PubMed
1. Prescott L. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45:409–413. [This paper provides a clear summary of current clinical views on N-acetylcysteine treatment for acetaminophen poisoning.] - PubMed
1. Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, Schuster D, Brust J, Beichert M, Hack V, Daniel V, Edler L, Droge W. Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: two randomized trials. J Mol Med. 2000;78:55–62. - PubMed
1. De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson M, Green A, Mitra D, Watanabe N, Nakamura H, Tjioe I, et al. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;30:915–929. - PubMed

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[1] Schafer FQ, Buettner GR. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;30:1191–1212. - PubMed

[2] Schafer FQ, Buettner GR. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;30:1191–1212. - PubMed

[3] Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 1996;16:33–50. - PubMed

[4] Halliwell B. Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 1996;16:33–50. - PubMed

[5] Prescott L. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45:409–413. [This paper provides a clear summary of current clinical views on N-acetylcysteine treatment for acetaminophen poisoning.] - PubMed

[6] Prescott L. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45:409–413. [This paper provides a clear summary of current clinical views on N-acetylcysteine treatment for acetaminophen poisoning.] - PubMed

[7] Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, Schuster D, Brust J, Beichert M, Hack V, Daniel V, Edler L, Droge W. Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: two randomized trials. J Mol Med. 2000;78:55–62. - PubMed

[8] Breitkreutz R, Pittack N, Nebe CT, Schuster D, Brust J, Beichert M, Hack V, Daniel V, Edler L, Droge W. Improvement of immune functions in HIV infection by sulfur supplementation: two randomized trials. J Mol Med. 2000;78:55–62. - PubMed

[9] De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson M, Green A, Mitra D, Watanabe N, Nakamura H, Tjioe I, et al. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;30:915–929. - PubMed

[10] De Rosa SC, Zaretsky MD, Dubs JG, Roederer M, Anderson M, Green A, Mitra D, Watanabe N, Nakamura H, Tjioe I, et al. N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000;30:915–929. - PubMed

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N-Acetylcysteine--a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiency

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N-Acetylcysteine--a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiency

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