Effects of resistance training on ventricular function and hypertrophy in a rat model

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to follow the ventricular function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats undergoing a resistance-training program for a period of 3 months.

Design: Forty animals were divided into two major groups: control (n=16) and resistance trained (n=24). From the resistance-trained group, 12 animals were resistance trained for 1 month and another 12 for 3 months. The resistance-training protocol was performed with 4 sets of 12 repetitions using 65% to 75% of one repetition maximum (maximum lifted weight with the exercise apparatus).

Methods: Echocardiographic analysis was performed at the beginning of the resistance-training period and at the end of each month. The repetition maximum was measured every 2 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy was determined by echocardiography, by the absolute weight of the cardiac chambers and by histology of the left ventricle.

Results: Before resistance training, both groups had similar repetition maximums, ranging from 1.8-fold to 2-fold the body weight; however, at the end of the resistance-training period, the repetition maximum of the resistance-trained group was 6-fold greater than the body weight. The left ventricular mass as assessed by echocardiography was 8%, 12% and 16% larger in the resistance-trained group than in the control group in the first, second and third months, respectively. This hypertrophy showed a similar increase in the interventricular septum and in the free posterior wall mass. There was no reduction in the end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter during the 3-month resistance-training period. Systolic function did not differ between the groups throughout the resistance-training period.

Conclusion: Resistance training induces the development of concentric cardiac hypertrophy without ventricular dysfunction or cavity reduction. Although diastolic function was not completely investigated, we cannot exclude the possibility that resistance training results in diastolic dysfunction.

Figure 1.

Absolute values for 1 repetition maximum test. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation. * P<0.05 when compared with the previous test. Randomized one-way ANOVA.

Figure 2.

Absolute cardiac chamber weights. LV indicates left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; AT, atrium; CO 1 and CO 3, 1-month and 3-month control groups; TR 1 and TR 3, 1-month and 3-month trained groups. * P<0.05, TR 1 x CO 1 and TR 3 x CO 3. Randomized Student -test. t

Figure 3.

Left ventricular myocyte width. CO 1 and CO 3, 1-month and 3-month control groups; TR 1 and TR 3, 1-month and 3-month trained groups. * P<0.05, TR 1 x CO 1 and TR 3 x CO 3. Randomized Student -test. t