Prostaglandin synthesis and fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides in skeletal muscle of chicks fed combinations of flaxseed oil and animal tallow

Abstract

Chicks were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 6% (w/w) added fat consisting of various proportions of animal tallow and flaxseed oil (FSO). No differences among treatments were seen in growth rate, muscular deposition of protein and lipids nor in the muscle phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride (TG) contents. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis in isolated skeletal muscle was depressed significantly by feeding FSO or by treatment with naproxen (6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-napthaleneacetic acid), an inhibitor of PG synthesis. The changes associated with diet may be related to differences in the fatty acid composition of muscle lipids. Levels of saturated fatty acids in muscle PL and TG were relatively insensitive to dietary treatments. Monounsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly lower in the FSO-fed groups. FSO diets caused significant depression in muscle PL 20:4 omega 6 and almost completely inhibited 22:5 omega 6 incorporation. FSO diets decreased ratios of omega 6/omega 3 fatty acids and increased the unsaturation index of muscle PL. Muscles of chicks fed FSO showed increased levels of 18:3 omega 3, and of its derivatives 20:4 omega 3 and 22:5 omega 3. These results suggest that FSO inhibits PG synthesis and modifies the fatty acids of PL and TG of chick muscle. These changes may have implications for PG-dependent and/or membrane-dependent processes in muscle metabolism.