Levels of tibolone and estradiol and their nonsulfated and sulfated metabolites in serum, myometrium, and vagina of postmenopausal women following treatment for 21 days with tibolone, estradiol, or estradiol plus medroxyprogestrone acetate

Abstract

Tibolone has estrogenic effects on the vagina but not on the uterus. To explain this, levels of tibolone and estradiol and their metabolites were determined in serum, myometrium, and vagina. Thirty-four postmenopausal women with uterine prolapse received either no treatment, tibolone, E(2) or E(2) + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 21 days, or a single dose of tibolone. Twenty +/- 6 hours after administration, >98% of the 3-hydroxytibolone metabolites in serum and tissues were disulfated. Of the unconjugated metabolites, the estrogenic 3alpha-hydroxytibolone predominated in serum, whereas the progestagenic/ androgenic Delta(4)-tibolone predominated in myometrium and vagina. Levels of disulfated metabolites in serum and tissues were higher (3- to 5-fold) after multiple dosing than after a single dose. Tissue:serum ratios were <1, except for Delta(4)-tibolone. In all groups, E(2) tissue levels were higher than serum levels; the percentage of serum E(1)S was >90%. Tibolone did not affect endogenous E(1), E(2), or E(1)S levels in serum, but in myometrium and vagina, E(1) levels were significantly higher and E(1)S levels tended to be lower than in controls. Serum and tissue levels of endogenous and exogenous E(1), E(2), and E(1)S were markedly increased 20 hours after E(2) or E(2) + MPA; the percentage of E(1)S and tissue:serum ratios were not affected. MPA had no effect on the degree of sulfation of E(1). Compared with serum, tissue levels of E(2) were high in all groups; absolute E(2) levels in control and tibolone groups were much lower than in the E(2) groups. Tibolone metabolite patterns are different in serum, myometrium, and vagina.