Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2007 Jul 24:6:20.
doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-6-20.

Pharmacoenvironmentology--a component of pharmacovigilance

Syed Ziaur Rahman  1 , Rahat Ali Khan, Varun Gupta, Misbah Uddin
Affiliations
Review

Pharmacoenvironmentology--a component of pharmacovigilance

Syed Ziaur Rahman et al. Environ Health. .

Abstract

According to WHO, Pharmacovigilance activities are done to monitor detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of any obnoxious adverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration on animal and human beings. However, there is also a growing focus among scientists and environmentalists about the impact of drugs on environment and surroundings. The existing term 'Ecopharmacology' is too broad and not even defined in a clear manner. The term 'Pharmacoenvironmentology' seeks to deal with the environmental impact of drugs given to humans and animals at therapeutic doses.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Hignite C, Azarnoff DL. Drugs and drug metabolites as environmental contaminants: chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and salicylic acid in sewage water effluent. Life Sciences. 1977;20:337–341. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90329-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zuccato Ettore, Calamari Davide, Natangelo Marco, Fanelli Roberto. Presence of therapeutic drugs in the environment. The lancet. 2000;355:1789–1790. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02270-4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pawlowski Sascha, Ternes Thomas, Bonerz Martin, et al. Combined in Situ and in Vitro Assessment of the Estrogenic Activity Sewage and Surface Water Samples. Toxicological Sciences. 2003;75:57–65. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg162. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cleuvers M. Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004;59:309–315. doi: 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00141-6. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Huggett DB, Brooks BW, Peterson B, Foran CM, Schlenk D. Toxicity of Select Beta Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Pharmaceuticals (B-Blockers) on Aquatic Organisms. Archive of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2002;43:229–235. doi: 10.1007/s00244-002-1182-7. - DOI - PubMed