Impact of new-onset diabetes mellitus on cardiac outcomes in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial population

Abstract

There has been a lot of interest about new-onset diabetes mellitus in recent hypertension trials, but the implications of diabetes development on cardiac outcomes have not been known. In the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation trial, 15 245 high-risk patients were followed for an average of 4.2 years. At baseline, 5250 patients were diabetic by the 1999 World Health Organization criteria, and among the 9995 nondiabetic patients, 1298 patients developed diabetes during follow-up. We have investigated the influence of diabetes development on outcomes in the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation trial. The patients with diabetes at baseline and new-onset diabetes were compared with patients who did not develop diabetes by a Cox regression model with adjustment for prespecified covariates (age, diabetes status, left ventricular hypertrophy, baseline coronary heart disease, and randomized study treatment). Patients with diabetes at baseline had the highest cardiac morbidity defined as myocardial infarction and heart failure with a hazard ratio of 2.20 (95% CI: 1.95 to 2.49). The patients with new-onset diabetes had significantly higher cardiac morbidity, especially more congestive heart failure, than those without diabetes, with a hazard ratio of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.77). This indicates that patients who develop diabetes during antihypertensive treatment have cardiac morbidity intermediate between diabetic subjects and those subjects who never had diabetes and that it is of importance to find these patients at risk of diabetes development and optimize lifestyle and medical treatment.