[Dysphagia in the elderly]

Abstract

The prevalence of dysphagia in the elderly ("presbyphagia") is probably still underestimated, though this disorder represents a major geriatric problem; special attention is necessary to prevent malnutrition, dehydration and aspiration pneumonia. Primary presbyphagia due to physiological, age-related changes of the swallowing mechanism must be differentiated from secondary presbyphagia attributable to diseases which are more frequent in the elderly. Transnasal pharyngo-laryngo-fiberendoscopy, videofluoroscopy and the "modified barium swallow" are of particular value in the diagnostic approach to presbyphagia. The possibilities of treatment are limited. They are aimed at dietary adjustments, compensatory mechanisms based on the properties of the volume and consistency of the food, proper feeding position and help by other persons. Individual swallowing exercises by a speech therapist are particularly valuable. Surgical procedures for the treatment of underlying organic disorders are less often indicated in presbyphagia.