Advanced chronic kidney disease practice patterns among nephrologists and non-nephrologists: a database analysis

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes, including progression to end stage, is influenced by patient treatment and is known to be suboptimal. A commercial database was analyzed to assess practice patterns and conformance to clinical practice guidelines among nephrologists and non-nephrologists who care for patients with advanced CKD (estimated GFR [eGFR] < or = 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Data from 1933 adults with advanced CKD on the basis of prestipulated inclusion criteria were analyzed. Individuals were designated as in a nephrologist or non-nephrologist group depending on whether a nephrologist was involved in their care. With the use of published guidelines, conformance to 10 recommendations was assessed for all patients and separately for the nephrologist and non-nephrologist groups. The average eGFR of included individuals was 23.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2. A majority were female and older than 65 yr. Non-nephrologists treated approximately half of all patients and a greater number of women and patients who were older than 65 yr. Nephrologists treated patients with a lower eGFR, equal numbers of men and women, and an equal number of individuals younger and older than 65 yr. Nephrologist conformance to guidelines was systematically better than that of non-nephrologists. These analyses reveal that a large number of patients with advanced CKD are being treated solely by non-nephrologists and that nephrologists treat patients with more advanced disease. Management of advanced CKD is suboptimal for all patients but is particularly poor for patients who are treated solely by non-nephrologists.