Decalcified and undecalcified cancellous bone block implants do not heal diaphyseal defects in dogs

Abstract

In a previous study it has been shown that granulae of decalcified bone matrix do not induce bony healing of 8-week-old mid-diaphyseal defects in dogs. The aim of this study was to test whether osteoinduction combined with the osteoconductive mechanisms provided by the natural structure of cancellous bone blocks would yield better results. A 30-mm-long diaphyseal defect of the left ulna was created in eight adult mongrel dogs and the bone was stabilized with a plate. A Silastic spacer was inserted in the defect for 8 weeks, followed by implantation of frozen undecalcified or decalcified allogeneic cancellous bone blocks for 16 weeks. Healing was analyzed using morphologic methods. At 16 weeks after implantation all grafts had been resorbed. In the decalcified group one defect healed, while none in the other group did so. The implant material was bioassayed in nude rats for osteoinductivity, which was found to be low in decalcified matrix and not detectable in undecalcified bone.

Conclusion: Allogeneic cancellous bone blocks, demineralized or not, have no osteoinductive capacity and no osteoconductive function that promotes healing of mid-diaphyseal bone defects in dogs.