Monoclonal antibodies to inner ear antigens: II. Antigens expressed in sensory cell stereocilia

Abstract

To develop biological reagents for investigating structure-function relationships in the organ of Corti, we have raised monoclonal antibodies, (MAb) to inner ear tissues. Our first series of antibodies prepared after intrasplenic immunization of mice with guinea pig tissues, identified antigens restricted to supporting cell structures, but no hair cell specific antibodies were developed [Zajic et al., Hear. Res. 52, 59-72, 1991]. In this report we describe the isolation, binding specificity and initial characterization of the stereocilia-binding monoclonal antibodies, KHRI-4, and KHRI-5. Mice were immunized with avian, amphibian and mammalian sensory hair cell-containing tissues and antibodies were screened for selective binding to cochlear extracts in ELISA. In the inner ear, KHRI-4 and KHRI-5 bind specifically to stereocilia in both avian and mammalian cochlear and vestibular tissue preparations using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays. In other tissues only certain cells of mesothelial origin, such as smooth muscle in gut and the arteriolar vasculature, were stained by KHRI-4 indicating that the antigenic structure defined by this antibody has limited distribution. KHRI-5 binding could be detected in other tissues only at high antibody concentrations suggesting that the gene product identified by this antibody is also weakly expressed in other cell lineages. Western blot analysis showed that KHRI-4 and -5 detect different protein complexes. KHRI-4 identifies an antigenic structure common to gut, cochlea, vestibular tissue and cultured fibroblasts consisting of a approximately 195 and a 230 kDa heterodimer designated p195/230. KHRI-5 binds to a prominent approximately 200-210 kDa band in Western blots of cochlear tissues, gut and fibroblasts. In immunoprecipitation experiments, KHRI-5 precipitated three proteins of Mr approximately 200-210, 230 and 260 kDa indicating that the approximately 200-210 kDa protein carrying the epitope for this antibody is a member of a heterotrimer complex. Our results show that these protein complexes are structural components of stereocilia and that the same proteins are arrayed in conjunction with the actin stress fibers of cultured mesothelial cells. Thus, they are likely to be important for maintaining the actin structure of stereocilia essential to transduction in sensory hair cells.