Plasma and crevicular fluid osteopontin levels in periodontal health and disease

Abstract

Background and objective: The level of osteopontin in gingival crevicular fluid has been found to correlate with clinical measures of periodontal disease. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between clinical parameters and osteopontin levels of the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingivae, periodontitis sites and after treatment of periodontitis sites, and to correlate them to the osteopontin levels of the plasma.

Material and methods: Thirty, gender-matched subjects were divided into three groups--healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis--based on modified gingival index scores and clinical attachment loss. The fourth group consisted of 10 subjects in the periodontitis group, 6-8 wk after initial therapy. Plasma and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and quantified for osteopontin using an enzyme immunoassay.

Results: The highest mean gingival crevicular fluid and plasma osteopontin concentrations were observed in the periodontitis group (1575.01 and 1273.21 ng/mL, respectively) and the lowest in the healthy group (1194.80 and 476.35 ng/mL, respectively). After treatment of the periodontitis group, the level of osteopontin decreased to 1416.15 in gingival crevicular fluid and to 1051.68 ng/mL in plasma. In all groups the gingival crevicular fluid osteopontin levels showed a statistically significant positive correlation with that of plasma and clinical attachment loss.

Conclusion: Osteopontin levels were highest in the gingival crevicular fluid from sites with periodontal destruction; however, periodontal treatment resulted in the reduction of osteopontin levels. Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma osteopontin levels showed a positive correlation in all of the groups.