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. 2007 Aug;48(8):811-9.

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada

Carl A Gagnon  1 , Donald Tremblay, Peter Tijssen, Marie-Hélène Venne, Alain Houde, Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
Affiliations

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada

Carl A Gagnon et al. Can Vet J. 2007 Aug.

Abstract
in English, French

Since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of Quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). To explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent PCV-2 strain could be infecting swine. In 2005, 13 PMWS cases were submitted to the Quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and PCV-2 was the only virus that could be found consistently by PCR in all 13 samples. The PCR detection results obtained for other viruses revealed the following: 61.5% were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, 30.8% for swine influenza virus, 15.4% for porcine parvovirus, 69.2% for swine torque teno virus (swTTV), 38.5% for swine hepatitis E virus (swHEV) and 84.6% for Mycoplasma hyorhinis; transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus (TGEV/PRCV) was not detected. Sequences of the entire genome revealed that these PCV-2 strains belonged to a genotype (named PCV-2b) that has never been reported in Canada. Further sequence analyses on 83 other Canadian PCV-2 positive cases submitted to the provincial diagnostic laboratory during years 2005 and 2006 showed that 79.5% of the viral sequences obtained clustered in the PCV-2b genotype. The appearance of the PCV-2b genotype in Canada may explain the death rate increase related to PMWS, but this relationship has to be confirmed.

Émergence du circovirus porcin du génotype 2b chez le porc au Canada. Depuis la fin de l’année 2004, une recrudescence marquée du syndrome de dépérissement en post-sevrage (SDPS) avec une augmentation du taux de mortalité a été observé dans les élevages porcins du Québec. Deux hypothèses furent émises pour expliquer ces observations: 1) présence d’un second pathogène qui exacerbe l’infection primaire au circovirus porcin de type 2 (PCV-2) et 2) présence d’une nouvelle souche de PCV-2 plus virulente. Des échantillons de 13 cas cliniques de SDPS furent soumis au laboratoire de diagnostic provincial du Québec et seulement le virus PCV-2 a pu être détecté dans tous les échantillons. Par contre, d’autres virus ont été détectés par PCR. Entre autres, 61,5 %, 30,8 %, 15,4 %, 69,2 %, 38,5 % et 84,6 % des 13 cas cliniques de SDPS étaient positifs pour le virus du syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin (PRRSV), le virus influenza porcin (SIV), le parvovirus porcin (PPV), le torque teno virus porcin (swTTV), le virus de l’hépatite E porcin (swHEV) et Mycoplasma hyorhinis, respectivement, alors que tous les cas étaient négatifs pour la présence du virus de la gastroentérite transmissible et du coronavirus respiratoire porcin (TGEV/PRCV). Le séquençage complet du génome des 13 virus PCV-2 a révélé que ces virus appartenaient à un génotype (nommé: PCV-2b) qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avait jamais été rapporté au Canada. Le séquençage complet du génome de 83 souches canadiennes du virus PCV-2 soumis à notre laboratoire de diagnostic en 2005 et 2006 a démontré que 79,5 % des séquences virales appartiennent au génotype PCV-2b. L’apparition du génotype PCV-2b au Canada pourrait expliquer l’augmentation du taux de mortalité associé au SDPS mais cette relation de cause à effet reste à être démontrée.

(Traduit par les auteurs)

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) strains. An unrooted neighbor-joining tree was constructed from aligned nucleic acid sequences of 27 Canadian reference strains (including the newly described 13 sequences identified with an arrow and the older sequences identified with an asterix) and 43 sequences found in GenBank. Original names, country of origin, and GenBank accession number are given in Table 1.
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