Discovery of platelet-type 12-human lipoxygenase selective inhibitors by high-throughput screening of structurally diverse libraries

Abstract

Human lipoxygenases (hLO) have been implicated in a variety of diseases and cancers and each hLO isozyme appears to have distinct roles in cellular biology. This fact emphasizes the need for discovering selective hLO inhibitors for both understanding the role of specific lipoxygenases in the cell and developing pharmaceutical therapeutics. To this end, we have modified a known lipoxygenase assay for high-throughput (HTP) screening of both the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the UC Santa Cruz marine extract library (UCSC-MEL) in search of platelet-type 12-hLO (12-hLO) selective inhibitors. The HTP screen led to the characterization of five novel 12-hLO inhibitors from the NCI repository. One is the potent but non-selective michellamine B, a natural product, anti-viral agent. The other four compounds were selective inhibitors against 12-hLO, with three being synthetic compounds and one being alpha-mangostin, a natural product, caspase-3 pathway inhibitor. In addition, a selective inhibitor was isolated from the UCSC-MEL (neodysidenin), which has a unique chemical scaffold for a hLO inhibitor. Due to the unique structure of neodysidenin, steady-state inhibition kinetics were performed and its mode of inhibition against 12-hLO was determined to be competitive (K(i)=17microM) and selective over reticulocyte 15-hLO-1 (K(i) 15-hLO-1/12-hLO>30).

Figure 1

Structures of the UCSC library natural products, neodysidenin (A) and dysidenin (B)

Figure 2

Competitive inhibition steady-state kinetic data for K_i determination for 12-hLO with neodysidenin. (A), K_m(app) / k_cat(i) (slope) vs. [neodysidenin] µM (B), K_m(app) vs. [neodysidenin] µM.

Figure 3

Linear mixed-type inhibition steady-state kinetic data for determination of K_i and K_i’ for 12-hLO with dysidenin. (A), K_m(app) / k_cat(i) (slope) vs. [dysidenin] µM (B), 1/k_cat(i) (y-intercept) vs. [dysidenin] µM.

Scheme 1