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. 2007 Sep;20(3):184-92.
doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e318145a6f6.

Relationship between self-reported apathy and executive dysfunction in nondemented patients with Parkinson disease

Dennis J Zgaljardic  1 , Joan C Borod, Nancy S Foldi, Mary Rocco, Paul J Mattis, Mark F Gordon, Andrew S Feigin, David Eidelberg
Affiliations

Relationship between self-reported apathy and executive dysfunction in nondemented patients with Parkinson disease

Dennis J Zgaljardic et al. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2007 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: The prevalence of apathy was assessed across select cognitive and psychiatric variables in 32 nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and 29 demographically matched healthy control participants.

Background: Apathy is common in PD, although differentiating apathy from motor, cognitive, and/or other neuropsychiatric symptoms can be challenging. Previous studies have reported a positive relationship between apathy and cognitive impairment, particularly executive dysfunction.

Method: Patients were categorized according to apathy symptom severity. Stringent criteria were used to exclude patients with dementia.

Results: Approximately 44% of patients endorsed significant levels of apathy. Those patients performed worse than patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy on select measures of verbal fluency and on a measure of verbal and nonverbal conceptualization. Further, they reported a greater number of symptoms related to depression and behavioral disturbance than did those patients with nonsignificant levels of apathy. Apathy was significantly related to self-report of depression and executive dysfunction. Performance on cognitive tasks assessing verbal fluency, working memory, and verbal abstraction and also on a self-report measure of executive dysfunction was shown to significantly predict increasing levels of apathy.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that apathy in nondemented patients with PD seems to be strongly associated with executive dysfunction.

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