Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
- PMID: 17851649
- PMCID: PMC2100429
- DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0793-y
Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: Raised maternal plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations predict small size at birth, which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied the association between maternal vitamin B12, folate and tHcy status during pregnancy, and offspring adiposity and insulin resistance at 6 years.
Methods: In the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study we studied 700 consecutive eligible pregnant women in six villages. We measured maternal nutritional intake and circulating concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, tHcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) at 18 and 28 weeks of gestation. These were correlated with offspring anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-R]) at 6 years.
Results: Two-thirds of mothers had low vitamin B12 (<150 pmol/l), 90% had high MMA (>0.26 micromol/l) and 30% had raised tHcy concentrations (>10 micromol/l); only one had a low erythrocyte folate concentration. Although short and thin (BMI), the 6-year-old children were relatively adipose compared with the UK standards (skinfold thicknesses). Higher maternal erythrocyte folate concentrations at 28 weeks predicted higher offspring adiposity and higher HOMA-R (both p < 0.01). Low maternal vitamin B12 (18 weeks; p = 0.03) predicted higher HOMA-R in the children. The offspring of mothers with a combination of high folate and low vitamin B12 concentrations were the most insulin resistant.
Conclusions/interpretation: Low maternal vitamin B12 and high folate status may contribute to the epidemic of adiposity and type 2 diabetes in India.
Figures



Comment in
-
Metabolic programming of offspring by vitamin B12/folate imbalance during pregnancy.Diabetologia. 2008 Jan;51(1):6-7. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0869-8. Diabetologia. 2008. PMID: 18034225 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
Influence of maternal vitamin B12 and folate on growth and insulin resistance in the offspring.Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2013;74:145-54; discussion 154-6. doi: 10.1159/000348463. Epub 2013 Jul 19. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2013. PMID: 23887113
-
Maternal total homocysteine concentration and neonatal size in India.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(2):179-81. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005. PMID: 15927937
-
Folate and vitamin B12 status is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in morbid obesity.Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct;37(5):1700-1706. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Jul 24. Clin Nutr. 2018. PMID: 28780990
-
Maternal Vitamin B12 Status During Pregnancy and Its Association With Outcomes of Pregnancy and Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Implications for Policy in India.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 12;12:619176. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.619176. eCollection 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021. PMID: 33912132 Free PMC article.
-
Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking-exposed pregnant women: A systematic review.Matern Child Nutr. 2019 Jan;15(1):e12675. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12675. Epub 2018 Sep 4. Matern Child Nutr. 2019. PMID: 30182513 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Developmental origins of adult diseases.Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jul;16(4):532-41. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.98005. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012. PMID: 22837912 Free PMC article.
-
Low maternal vitamin B12 status during pregnancy is associated with reduced heart rate variability indices in young children.Matern Child Nutr. 2014 Apr;10(2):226-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00418.x. Epub 2012 May 24. Matern Child Nutr. 2014. PMID: 22625423 Free PMC article.
-
You are what you eat, and so are your children: the impact of micronutrients on the epigenetic programming of offspring.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Jan;71(2):271-85. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1427-9. Epub 2013 Jul 27. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014. PMID: 23892892 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Current thoughts on maternal nutrition and fetal programming of the metabolic syndrome.J Pregnancy. 2013;2013:368461. doi: 10.1155/2013/368461. Epub 2013 Feb 14. J Pregnancy. 2013. PMID: 23476780 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Folic acid supplementation in children with sickle cell disease: study protocol for a double-blind randomized cross-over trial.Trials. 2020 Jun 29;21(1):593. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04540-7. Trials. 2020. PMID: 32600389 Free PMC article.
References
-
- {'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1007/BF00400248', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00400248'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '1644236', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1644236/'}]}
- Hales CN, Barker DJP (1992) Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35:595–601 - PubMed
-
- The International Diabetes Federation diabetes atlas. Available at www.eatlas.idf.org, accessed 4 March 2007
-
- Gopalan C (1994) Low birthweight: significance and implications. In: Sachdev HPS, Chaudhary P (eds) Nutrition in children: developing country concerns. Imprint, New Delhi
-
- {'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2422', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.48.12.2422'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '10580432', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10580432/'}]}
- Bavdekar A, Yajnik CS, Fall CHD et al (1999) Insulin resistance in 8 year old Indian children, small at birth, big at 8 years, or both? Diabetes 48:2422–2429 - PubMed
-
- {'text': '', 'ref_index': 1, 'ids': [{'type': 'DOI', 'value': '10.1210/jc.2002-020434', 'is_inner': False, 'url': 'https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020434'}, {'type': 'PubMed', 'value': '12466355', 'is_inner': True, 'url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12466355/'}]}
- Yajnik CS, Lubree HG, Rege SS et al (2002) Adiposity and hyperinsulinemia in Indians are present at birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:5575–5580 - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical