Neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction
- PMID: 17908766
- DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-0211
Neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction
Abstract
Objectives: Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction is a serious complication of germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. Our objective was to determine the neurodevelopmental and adaptive outcomes of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction survivors and identify early cranial ultrasound predictors of adverse outcome.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all cranial ultrasounds of 30 premature infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and assigned a cranial ultrasound-based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity score (range: 0-3) on the basis of whether periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (1) involved > or = 2 territories, (2) was bilateral, or (3) caused midline shift. We then performed neuromotor, visual function, and developmental evaluations (Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale). Developmental scores below 2 SD from the mean were defined as abnormal.
Results: Median adjusted age at evaluation was 30 months (range: 12-66 months). Eighteen subjects (60%) had abnormal muscle tone, and 7 (26%) had visual field defects. Developmental delays involved gross motor (22 [73%]), fine motor (17 [59%]), visual receptive (13 [46%]), expressive language (11 [38%]), and cognitive (14 [50%]) domains. Impairment in daily living and socialization was documented in 10 (33%) and 6 (20%) infants, respectively. Higher cranial ultrasound-based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity scores predicted microcephaly and abnormalities in gross motor, visual receptive, and cognitive function.
Conclusions: In the current era, two thirds of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction survivors develop significant cognitive and/or motor abnormalities, whereas adaptive skills are relatively spared. Higher cranial ultrasound-based periventricular hemorrhagic infarction severity scores predict worse outcome in several modalities and may prove to be a valuable tool for prognostication.
Comment in
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Withdrawing support for withdrawing support from premature infants with severe intracranial hemorrhage.Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):1071-2; author reply 1072-3. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0273. Pediatrics. 2008. PMID: 18450917 No abstract available.
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