Standard surgical versus percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in intensive care patients

Abstract

Objective: The present prospective randomized trial compared surgical tracheostomy (ST) and percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in terms of outcomes and complications.

Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2005 tracheostomies were performed on critically ill ICU patients in Medical Faculty Hospital in Prague, with a random allocation of 105 patients for ST and 100 for PDT.

Results: The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of basic demographic characteristics or length of endotracheal intubation prior to the procedure. Following the procedures, the 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of the time required for decannulation, decannulated patients or mortalities. Post-mortem examination showed that both groups were similar in terms of placement of the tracheostomy tube. Surgical tracheostomy was found to take longer time to perform than PDT (p<0.001). In terms of early postoperative complications, PDT was associated with a higher rate of postoperative bleeding compared to ST (p=0.0302).

Conclusion: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is a simpler and faster technique to perform, but is associated with a higher occurrence of early complications, particularly postoperative bleeding.