Unusual complications of heroin abuse: transverse myelitis, rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, and ARF

Abstract

Introduction: Heroin overdose can cause various rare neurological complications like spongiform leukoencephalopathy, seizures, stroke, toxic amblyopia, transverse myelopathy, mononeuropathy, plexopathy, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, fibrosing myopathy, and acute bacterial myopathy. We report here the simultaneous presentation of multiple complications of heroin toxicity.

Case report: A young heroin addict was found unarousable lying in the lotus posture. Examination showed quadriplegia and left leg gangrene. He subsequently developed heroin-induced transverse myelitis, rhabdomyolysis, left leg compartment syndrome, and myoglobin-induced acute renal failure.

Discussion: This case leads us to consider a common linked or systemic mechanism of injury rather than a local mechanism when multiple simultaneous organ failure occurs complicating heroin abuse.