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. 2007 Nov 6;104(45):17579-81.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708132104. Epub 2007 Oct 31.

Accretion of ferromanganese nodules that form pavement in Second Connecticut Lake, New Hampshire

Celeste A Asikainen  1 , Sean F Werle
Affiliations

Accretion of ferromanganese nodules that form pavement in Second Connecticut Lake, New Hampshire

Celeste A Asikainen et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .

Abstract

We discovered ferromanganese nodules that measure up to 46 cm in diameter with stromatolitic growth patterns in the western central near-shore portion of Second Connecticut Lake, Pittsburg, New Hampshire. They occur as four distinct morphotypes: irregular laminated convex plates that form concentric rings around a nucleating center ("domed-plate"), continuous pustular pavements that extend >10 m2 ("pustular"), nonlaminated and nonnucleated masses with pebbles scattered throughout the matrix ("lattice"), and small nonnucleated laminated structures >2 cm ("cup") in water depths between 5 and 12 m. An estimated growth rate of 26 mm/100 years was determined from oxide deposits on datable debris. X-ray fluorescence showed an elemental composition comparable with that of nodule structures in other lakes. These sedimentary structures, the first seen in any of the six New England states, are the most morphologically distinct and varied lacustrine ferromanganese nodules known so far.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Northeastern United States with inset topographic map from SCL indicating the locations of the boat ramp, Idlewilde camp, and ferromanganese nodules.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
S.F.W. holds nodules collected from a depth of 7 m that were discovered while he was diving in SCL in June 2002.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Distinct nodule morphologies. (A) Nucleated domed-plate nodules that show concentric ring patterns at the sediment–water interface on clay- to silt-sized substrate. (B) The same nodule type as that shown in A with satellite nodules attached to the larger nodule. (C) A flat, porous crust (with a pustular texture that is 1–2 cm thick) creates an underwater pavement that covers >10 m2 and is at least 15 cm deep. (D) Undersurface of the flat porous crust pavement. Concentric rings surround a central nucleus stone as in the domed-plate nodules. (E) A lattice without a nucleus or concentric ring pattern. Stones are scattered throughout the dense matrix. (F) Cup-shape nodules (<2 cm in diameter) are found only on sand- to medium-pebble-sized loose sediments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Nodule morphology and growth model.
    Boudreau BP. Boudreau BP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 May 13;105(19):E21; author reply E22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0800654105. Epub 2008 May 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008. PMID: 18460600 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

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