Comparison of multiple drug-eluting stent percutaneous coronary intervention and surgical revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: one-year clinical results and total treatment costs

Abstract

Purpose: Consecutive patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated with multiple drug-eluting-stent (DES) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (111 patients) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (95 patients) on the basis of clinico-anatomical judgment were examined to investigate mediumterm clinical results and initial and total costs.

Methods: Clinical and procedural characteristics, duration of hospital stay, initial and total costs and 12-month follow-up events were considered in both groups.

Results: Previous revascularization procedures and acute coronary syndromes were more frequent in the PCI group, while triple-vessel and left main disease occurred more often in the CABG group. The mean number of treated vessels in multiple DES PCI was 2.7/patient, with 2.8 DES/patient. Complete revascularization was achieved in 70% of cases. Inhospital events were postprocedural non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction in 5.4%, and 2 retroperitoneal hemorrhages. CABG was performed with a mean of 3.9 grafts/patient; 16 patients (17%) had early complications; mean hospital stay was significantly longer than for the PCI patients (23.5 +/- 10 vs. 5.3 +/- 3 days; p < 0.001). Twelve-month total mortality and acute myocardial infarction incidents were similar, while target vessel revascularization was significantly more frequent in the PCI group (12.6% PCI vs. 2.1% CABG; p < 0.001); cumulative major adverse cardiac events were not significantly different (15.3% PCI vs. 9.5% CABG; p = 0.271). Initial and final costs were lower for multivessel PCI with DES (20,050 +/- 2,702 for CABG vs. 10,214 +/- 4,184 for PCI; p < 0.001), but not completely covered by current DRG reimbursement.

Conclusions: Multiple DES PCI showed good earlyand medium-term results with substantially lower costs than CABG.