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. 2007 Dec;42(6 Pt 1):2233-51; discussion 2294-323.
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00728.x.

Mortality and physician supply: does region hold the key to the paradox?

Thomas C Ricketts  1 , George M Holmes
Affiliations

Mortality and physician supply: does region hold the key to the paradox?

Thomas C Ricketts et al. Health Serv Res. 2007 Dec.

Abstract

Objective: . To determine if the supply of physicians has a consistent relationship with mortality across regions.

Data sources: County-level data describing the supply of physicians, mortality, and socioeconomic conditions of the population as provided in the Area Resource File (BHPr, HRSA) and the Compressed Mortality File (NCHS, CDC).

Study design: Ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models with age-adjusted all-cause and disease-specific mortality as the dependent variables were specified using pooled data from 1996 to 2000 to test for the relationship with primary care and specialist physician-population ratios. The residuals from the OLS models were mapped and examined for potential clustering. A series of geographically weighted regression models were run for all 3,070 counties and the z-scores and significance of the models mapped.

Principal findings: The association between primary care physician supply and mortality was not observed in contrast to other studies; mapping the residuals of those models suggested regional clustering. When weighted geographically, the relationship between primary care and specialist physician supply and mortality presents a mixed pattern. The results show strong regional patterns that may explain the lack of a consistent national association. Primary care physicians are associated with decreased mortality on the east coast and upper midwest, but that correlation disappears or is reversed in the west (with the exception of Washington State) and south central states.

Conclusions: We find evidence that there are regionally focused association between physician supply and mortality, holding constant population characteristics that reflect the influence of social and economic characteristics. However, these relationships are not consistent across the United States; there are regions where there are stronger and weaker associations between type of practitioner and mortality and other regions where no association is apparent. This suggests that the direction for further analysis lies in the understanding of the regional differences and whether there are policy alternatives to address these different patterns.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bivariate Association between All Cause Mortality and Primary Care Physician Supply Using Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between All Cause Mortality and Primary Care Physician Supply Using Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis and Including Covariates
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association between Heart Disease Mortality and Physician Supply Using Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis and Including Covariates
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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