Body mass index and change in blood pressure over a 7-year period in older Mexican Americans

Abstract

Obesity and hypertension are major public health concerns in the US. We examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in older Mexican Americans using data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE), a longitudinal study of Mexican Americans aged 65 and over residing in the southwestern US. The study sample was 2404 older Mexican American adults with a mean age of 72.6 years of age at baseline (1993-4). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in subjects with high BMI categories. The rate of change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were -0.11 mm Hg and -0.32 mm Hg per year over a 7-year period, respectively. The rate of decline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a 7-year period was greater in subjects with BMI categories of 25- < 30 kg/m2 and 30- < 35 kg/m2 as compared with those subjects with in the lowest and in the highest BMI categories. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent medical conditions affecting older adults. Understanding possible modifiable risk factors that may play a role in the management of hypertension will be beneficial.

Figure 1

Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures by years of follow-up (N=2404). Note: p value for systolic blood pressure <0.0001; p value for diastolic blood pressure <0.0001.

Figure 2

Average mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures over a 7-year period by age categories at baseline (N=2404). Note: p value for systolic blood pressure = 0.28; p value for diastolic blood pressure <0.0001.

Figure 3

Average mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures over a 7-year period by body mass index (BMI) categories at baseline (N=2404). Note: p value for systolic blood pressure <0.0001; p value for diastolic blood pressure <0.0001.