Inflammation and prostate cancer: a future target for prevention and therapy?

Abstract

Given its long natural history, prostate cancer has become an ideal model for the clinical and basic science study of neoplastic disease in distinct pathologic phases: tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Chronic or recurrent acute inflammation, a product of infectious agents or other sources, has potential promotional roles in each of these phases. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), because of their ability to attenuate inflammation, as well as possibly direct anti-cancer properties associated with the inhibition of stromal cyclooxygenase-2, are potential candidates for clinical use in prostate cancer. Though epidemiologic evidence indicating a reduced risk of prostate cancer for NSAID users supports a chemoprotective benefit, observational assessment and clinical trials of these agents among large cohorts of prostate cancer patients are needed to determine their value in prostate cancer management.