Adenocarcinoma in a retrorectal cystic hamartoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Retrorectal cystic hamartomas are rare congenital lesions derived from the vestigial portion of the embryonic hindgut. These lesions present in a vague manner and so mimic the presentation of more common mass lesions in the pelvic region. They most frequently afflict middle-aged women, causing vague pelvic pains, discomfort with defaecation or sitting, and altered bowel function. Malignant transformation within these lesions is extremely rare. We describe a case of adenocarcinoma within a retrorectal cystic hamartoma, initially manifesting in a 54-year-old woman and recurring over a'5-year period. A computed tomography (CT) scan and pathology reports are included in the study, and findings at operations are discussed. We also include a comprehensive review of the literature.