Late adverse effects after soft X-ray therapy of cutaneous malignancies: pruritus, burning, epiphora and insufficient occlusion of the mouth

Abstract

Background: Pruritus, burning, epiphora and insufficient occlusion of the mouth have been less extensively studied than cosmetic changes in irradiated fields.

Objectives: How frequent are these late adverse effects? Do they usually occur permanently? Are they influenced by treatment and tumour parameters, sex and age of the patients?

Methods: Patients were interviewed at least once later than 90 days after soft X-ray therapy.

Results: Pruritus has been reported in 18.5% of the interviews, burning in 7.7%, epiphora in 36.2% and insufficient occlusion of the mouth in 11.5%. Patients were usually not permanently troubled and irritated by these symptoms: pruritus more than once per week was reported in every interview for 0.6% of the fields, burning for 0.2%, epiphora for 6.4% and insufficient occlusion for 0%. Irritation by these symptoms has been stated in every interview for 5.1% of fields around the eye and for 1.4% of fields at other sites. Late pruritus, burning and epiphora were less frequently reported after irradiation with lower total doses, lower time-dose-fractionation factor (TDF) and by men. Patients older than 70 years of age experienced pruritus and burning less frequently. The largest diameter of the irradiated field influenced pruritus and the half value depth of the X-rays influenced burning and epiphora.

Conclusions: Late pruritus, burning, epiphora and insufficient occlusion of the mouth do not considerably reduce the value of soft X-ray therapy because these adverse effects usually are not experienced permanently. Total dose and TDF should not be chosen higher than necessary.