Inflammation and pruritus in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Pruritus is a common problem in dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to determine the cause(s) of pruritus and its relationship with inflammatory proteins. In a cross sectional study, all patients on hemodialysis at the Emam Khomaine and Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran who did not have any pruritus-producing skin lesions were studied. They were questioned about the occurrence of pruritus during the preceding two weeks. Variables including inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein, albumin, ferritin, transferrin, fibrinogen), hemoglobin, red blood cell indices, iron, iron binding capacity, transferring saturation, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, calcium x phosphorus product, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone were determined. Data were analyzed using Anova or Chi-square tests for evaluation of difference between variables. Of the 164 patients studied, 80 (49%) had pruritus. Of these, 45 subjects (23.8%) had severe and 35 (21.3%) mild to moderate pruritus. There were no significant differences between groups with or without pruritus for age, sex, duration on dialysis, dialysis adequacy, cause of renal failure and erythropoetin usage. Mean CRP was 16.6 mg/L; 58.5% of the patients had CRP > 10 mg/L. There was no significant correlation between CRP levels and presence or severity of pruritus. Also, none of the other inflammatory proteins revealed any significant differences. Among the other parameters, only the mean MCV levels were significantly different between the three groups (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that inflammatory proteins do not play any part in hemodialysis associated pruritus.