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Comment
. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20647-8.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710633105. Epub 2007 Dec 18.

Resolving the problem of persistence in the switch from acute to chronic inflammation

Oliver Haworth  1 , Christopher D Buckley
Affiliations
Comment

Resolving the problem of persistence in the switch from acute to chronic inflammation

Oliver Haworth et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Temporal and spatial regulation of resolution. (A) Current paradigm: Breaches in host defense such as pathogen invasion, host trauma, or loss of barrier function initiate the inflammatory response with AA rapidly converted to PGs and LTs (e.g., LTB4) via COX enzymes. LTB4 is a potent chemoattractant of neutrophils to the site of inflammation (red arrow). As the inflammatory response progresses, a temporal switch from initiation to resolution occurs with the transcellular generation of lipoxins (LXA4) that inhibit the further recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) (blue line). As the inflammatory response continues, monocytes are recruited via the release of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, but engulfment of apoptotic PMNs causes macrophages to change to a nonphlogistic phenotype releasing TGF-β, IL-10, and lipoxin. At the end of an acute inflammatory response, macrophages and lymphocytes leave the site of inflammation via the draining lymphatics, stimulated by lipoxins (blue arrow). (B) New addition to the paradigm: At the onset of the inflammatory response, PGD2 is generated from AA via COX to PGH2 and then converted to PGD2 by hPGD2S. PGD2 is metabolized nonenzymatically to 15-dPGJ2. PGD2 acts on the DP1 receptor expressed on macrophages and lymphocytes, whereas 15-dPGJ2 is likely to interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Working in tandem, they decrease proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and increase antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, but like the lipoxin family, they also promote egress of macrophages and lymphocytes to the draining lymphatics (blue arrows).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

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