[Tuberculosis in the mother and child]

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a scourge in our region; it is particularly dangerous in young children, above all those of tuberculous mothers. The object of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis in the children of tuberculous mothers and to determine how to increase their chances of survival and healthy development.

Methods: Between 1 January and 31 July 2002, 45 women were admitted to hospital with a child of less than 5 years. They received (mothers and children) an intradermal tuberculin test (IDTT) of 10 i.u., chest x-ray, and sputum examination for the mothers.

Results: 45 women (aged from 18 to 45 years) were hospitalised for sputum positive tuberculosis, an average IDTT of 13 mm and a high bacterial load (1 to>10 bacilli/hpf). Almost all (96%) presented with cavitating parenchymatous disease. We found no cases positive for HIV. Progress was satisfactory in 43 mothers treated with SRHZ. There were 2 deaths. In the children who were systematically examined, 82% (37) were less than 20 months old, there were 23 boys (51%), and 26 children (58%) were symptomatic at the first consultation. All the children were breast fed, explaining their admission with their mother. Evidence of tuberculous contact was found, 6 times with the father and 4 times with the grandparents. The most common physical signs were fever (92%) cough and weight loss (77%), malnutrition (69%). The IDTT was positive in 38/45 (84.5%) and pustular in 16/38 (42%). The chest x-ray was normal in 16/45 (35.6%), revealed mediastinal adenopathy in 19/29 (65.5%), accompanied by ipsilateral ventilatory problems in 11/29 (38%) and by parenchymal involvement in 3/29 (10.3%). Progress was satisfactory in 44 children on antituberculous treatment (RHE). There was one death on account over severe malnutrition.

Conclusion: Treatment of tuberculosis in the mother and child is a guarantee of recovery for the mother and healthy development for the child. S: streptomycin, R: rifampicin, H: isoniazid, E: ethambutol, Z: pyrazinamide.