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Review
. 2008 Feb;20(1):111-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.005.

Insulin as an autoantigen in NOD/human diabetes

Li Zhang  1 , Maki Nakayama, George S Eisenbarth
Affiliations
Review

Insulin as an autoantigen in NOD/human diabetes

Li Zhang et al. Curr Opin Immunol. 2008 Feb.

Abstract

Although multiple islet autoantigens are recognized by T lymphocytes and autoantibodies before the development of type 1A (immune-mediated diabetes), there is increasing evidence that autoimmunity to insulin may be central to disease pathogenesis. Evidence is strongest for the NOD mouse model where blocking immune responses to insulin prevents diabetes, and insulin peptides can be utilized to induce diabetes. In man insulin gene polymorphisms are associated with disease risk, and autoantibodies and T cells reacting with multiple insulin/proinsulin epitopes are present. It is not currently clear why insulin autoimmunity is so prominent and frequent, and though insulin can be used to immunologically prevent diabetes of NOD mice, insulin-based preventive immunoregulation of diabetes in man is not yet possible.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lack of progression to diabetes of NOD mice lacking native insulin genes. Modified from Nakayama M. et al., Copyright © Nature Publishing Group from Nature 435, 2005: 220–3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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