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Comparative Study
. 2008 Jan;121(1):50-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.030.

Biomarkers to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease: the Heart and Soul Study

Michael G Shlipak  1 , Joachim H Ix, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Feng Lin, Mary A Whooley
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Biomarkers to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease: the Heart and Soul Study

Michael G Shlipak et al. Am J Med. 2008 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: The study purpose was to evaluate the ability of 6 biomarkers to improve the prediction of cardiovascular events among persons with established coronary artery disease.

Background: Cardiovascular risk algorithms are designed to predict the initial onset of coronary artery disease but are less effective in persons with preexisting coronary artery disease.

Methods: We examined the association of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP), cystatin C, albuminuria, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, and fibrinogen with cardiovascular events in 979 Heart and Soul Study participants with coronary artery disease after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and behavior variables; cardiovascular risk factors; cardiovascular disease severity; medication use; and left ventricular ejection fraction. The outcome was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease death during an average of 3.5 years of follow-up.

Results: During follow-up, 142 participants (15%) developed cardiovascular events. The highest quartiles (vs lower 3 quartiles) of 5 biomarkers were individually associated with cardiovascular risk after multivariate analysis: Nt-proBNP hazard ratio (HR)=2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-3.18); cystatin C HR=1.72 (95% CI, 1.10-2.70); albuminuria HR=1.71 (95% CI, 1.15-2.54); CRP HR=2.00 (95% CI, 1.40-2.85); and interleukin-6 HR=1.76 (95% CI, 1.22-2.53). When all biomarkers were included in the multivariable analysis, only Nt-proBNP, albuminuria, and CRP remained significant predictors of events: HR=1.88 (95% CI, 1.23-2.85), HR=1.63 (95% CI, 1.09-2.43), and HR=1.82 (95% CI, 1.24-2.67), respectively. The area under the receiver operator curve for clinical predictors alone was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68-0.78); adding Nt-proBNP, albuminuria, and CRP significantly increased the area under the receiver operator curve to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73-0.82, P<.005).

Conclusion: Among persons with prevalent coronary artery disease, biomarkers reflecting hemodynamic stress, kidney damage, and inflammation added significant risk discrimination for cardiovascular events.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Cardiovascular events incidence rates across biomarker quartiles
Cardiovascular events incidence rates per 1000 person-years across quartiles of Nt-proBNP, cystatin C, albuminuria, CRP, IL-6 and fibrinogen.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Receiver operator characteristic curves for the standard clinical model (dashed line) and for the standard clinical model plus Nt-proBNP, albuminuria and CRP (solid line).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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