[Biofilms]

Abstract

It has become recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to environmental conditions. Microorganisms undergo profound changes during their transition from planktonic bacteria to cells that belong to a surface-attached community. Recent studies have identified genes and regulatory circuits important for understanding cell-cell and cell-surface interactions, and biofilm maturation. Cystic fibrosis and periodontal disease are examples of diseases caused by biofilm formation.