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. 2008 Jan-Feb;49(1):42-8.
doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.49.1.42.

Depressive symptoms and heart failure stages

Ana Azevedo  1 , Paulo Bettencourt, Fernando Friões, Margarida Alvelos, Cassiano Abreu-Lima, Hans-Werner Hense, Henrique Barros
Affiliations

Depressive symptoms and heart failure stages

Ana Azevedo et al. Psychosomatics. 2008 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

The authors measured depressive symptoms cross-sectionally, across evolving stages of heart failure as defined by the American College of Cardiology, from low risk, through high risk for heart failure (Stage A), asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction (Stage B), up to symptomatic heart failure (Stage C), in a community sample of 338 noninstitutionalized adults age >or=45 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Women scored significantly higher on the BDI. Adjusted BDI scores increased linearly with heart failure stages in women, whereas, in men, only Stage C was associated with a significantly higher score.

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