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Review
. 2007 Nov;13(11):1632-9.
doi: 10.3201/eid1311.070421.

Danish integrated antimicrobial resistance monitoring and research program

Anette M Hammerum  1 , Ole E Heuer, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Line Bagger-Skjøt, Vibeke F Jensen, Anne-Marie Rogues, Robert L Skov, Yvonne Agersø, Christian T Brandt, Anne Mette Seyfarth, Arno Muller, Karin Hovgaard, Justin Ajufo, Flemming Bager, Frank M Aarestrup, Niels Frimodt-Møller, Henrik C Wegener, Dominique L Monnet
Affiliations
Review

Danish integrated antimicrobial resistance monitoring and research program

Anette M Hammerum et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Nov.

Abstract

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is an emerging problem worldwide. Awareness of the undesirable consequences of its widespread occurrence has led to the initiation of antimicrobial agent resistance monitoring programs in several countries. In 1995, Denmark was the first country to establish a systematic and continuous monitoring program of antimicrobial drug consumption and antimicrobial agent resistance in animals, food, and humans, the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program (DANMAP). Monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance and a range of research activities related to DANMAP have contributed to restrictions or bans of use of several antimicrobial agents in food animals in Denmark and other European Union countries.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Data flow. DANMAP, Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program; DTU, Technical University of Denmark.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Consumption of prescribed antimicrobial agents and growth promoters in animal production and prescribed antibacterial agents in humans, Denmark, 1990–2005 (12).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trends in glycopeptide resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broiler chickens and pigs and the consumption of the growth promoter avoparcin in animals, Denmark, 1994–2005 (revised from 12).
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